EVOLUTION IN TIME OF FORMS OF ECONOMY, THE LAND USE CIVIC.
22-March-2010-Rossano (CS)
(dr. Venneri Leonardo Giambattista cell.: 335-452517, Email: @ leo.venneri katamail.com)
The civic use is inextricably linked to the fate of humanity since it began to organize themselves in society.
How many times I repeated the civic use is defined as "living phenomenon in constant evolution," la stessa definizione che sul dizionario Italiano è data della parola “lingua”.
E più avanti capiremo perchè.
Con l’aiuto di alcune immagini e soprattutto delle vignette dell’amico Corrado Lucibello (fig. 0) ho inteso riassumere, semplificando, l'evoluzione dell'uomo in 3 stadi.
La figura 1 mostra un uomo primitivo agli albori della sua comparsa, il cosiddetto “homo erectus”, che comparve circa 1-1.5 milioni di anni fa, e rappresenta appunto un uomo primitivo che comincia a prendere coscienza della sua superiorità sul resto del mondo, utilizzando i primi strumenti, estensioni delle mani, con i quali sopperire, modellati dall'ingegno, all'assenza di armi naturali, ie teeth or claws.
The second step of evolution (Fig. 2) shows us homo sapiens, who lived between 250 to 200,000 years ago that, unlike his predecessor, knows and has learned to use fire, the wheel, slowly comes shaping the first metals, although in a rudimentary way, but most began to organize themselves in society, with the development of language and communication systems.
So you create the first forms of social cooperation, which then develop rules of behavior, customs, rituals and traditions.
Finally, fig. 3, we have the homo economicus, often confused or colluded with its contemporary, Homo politicus, which is the last stage of human evolution, and this makes us think that we do not always evolve toward the best.
In more detail and less novel human evolution is told from the history books. We still have some figures, freely adapted from the Internet. (Fig. 1-a and 4)
But what about the books is not found or better is not always clearly described, is the presence of that form of organization in economic background that can cover in the category of civic uses. The house is historically documented use in ancient times from the "χοίνη χωρα" or the "common ground" of the Greek colonies of Magna Graecia. It was a kind of collective reserves from which the colonists drew sustenance, each according to their needs.
Still another example is provided by the Germanic arimanni. Use
Civic continues to be present throughout the Middle Ages, and later, with evolving legally subversive by the feudal laws, up to the unification of Italy and the first law of reorganization (the 1766, 16 / 06/1927), we get to today, with the transfer of legislative powers to the regions, although not under state jurisdiction (DPR 616/77).
parallel evolution of man, we have an evolution of the economy, we can always summarize with cartoons, or images taken from the internet freely, and which reflect the three stages del'evoluzione human. This economic development is closely linked to civil use, since it is deeply rooted in the history of man as a civic use the man drew sustenance and income. We therefore
:
1) subsistence economy, or survival or substantially;
2) ECONOMICS OF COMPETITION OR SERVICE, OR TO ASSIST IN INCOME;
3) NUMBER OF ECONOMIC, MARKET OR PROFITS OR FOR HIGH '.
The first form of economy is what I call subsistence or survival. (Fig. 5)
E 'characterized by a form of exploitation of very archaic and primitive, bare-bones, either by the lack of tools to a more rational, either because the lack of advanced and complex needs more than just survival revolt aspect of daily life.
At this stage, man is primarily collector and hunter, not the farmer. A farmer on the short grass. He begins to exploit the land with insufficient means to pay off overwhelming the basic needs, and arranges for a rudimentary form of livestock. This economy is basic, I would say essential.
as "essential uses" sono definiti nell’uso civico i diritti di pascolare ed abbeverare il bestiame, il diritto di raccogliere legna per sé, ed il diritto di semina.
Vale a dire i diritti essenziali per una sopravvivenza molto spesso ai limiti del decoro. Come recita la già citata legge del 1927 all’articolo 4, che li definisce essenziali << se il personale esercizio si riconosca necessario per i bisogni della vita > >.
Tale classificazione degli usi civici è la riprova della correlazione tra economia ed uso civico nella storia dell’uomo. Essenziali sono gli usi civici il cui esercizio è correlato al soddisfacimento dei bisogni primari dell’uomo, essenziale è la prima forma di economia, sempre agricola, che si affaccia nella storia dell’uomo.
E nella storiografia, the condition of the serf is the one that best embodies this first stage of the economy.
Then, with the development of new techniques or technologies, we spend a little more evolved form of economy and competition would call for help or to income.
A form of economy that has exceeded the satisfaction of basic needs, which are now sufficiently resolved, and which is better than support or increase the income base.
E 'economy that allows for a profit exceeding that necessary to sustain personal and family. In this form of economy we can always connect to in Article 4 of the aforementioned Act 1766 of 1927, the "USI USEFUL ", ie those mainly for the purpose of industry.
Agriculture has evolved (Fig. 6), man has discovered new tools to work on better ground, relies on the works of genius, such as hydraulic engineering, to ensure constant irrigation of the fields, or obtaining a driving force for use in the work, slowly replacing animal power. Let the water mills, windmills, up to the age of steam and then electricity.
This form of economy is that which allows humans to evolve from a simple peasant, rough and primitive, a mediocre middle class. Social status than with skills in business lo porteranno in seguito, a diventare un ricco borghese.
Siamo alla fase due dell’uso civico, quello che parla appunto di “usi utili”.
Utili a migliorare la propria qualità di vita, essendo i bisogni primari già stati adeguatamente soddisfatti. Con l’evoluzione delle tecnologie, l’uomo passa da raccoglitore di frutti o di legna secca, ad industriale boschivo o imprenditore agricolo.
Se prima con la forza delle sue braccia poteva dissodare e coltivare una limitata estensione di terreno, o tagliare legna appena sufficiente per i suoi bisogni,o limitarsi a raccogliere quanto la terra gli offriva spontaneamente, ( il ruspo, il ghiandatico, lo spicilegio) ora con l’ausilio delle machinery (Fig. 7) is important extensions of land to cultivate, and can cut an entire forest in a few days in order to market the timber. Or tear out
stones in such quantity as to build entire cities.
The reason why I insist on this second stage, namely the income base of competition, will soon be clear, after a brief mention of the third stage of economic development.
latter can be defined as consistency of the economy, namely the so-called market economy with high viability (Fig. 8).
E 'that form of intensive exploitation aimed strictly for the production of income, even high-income, income quality, no longer strictly basic or survival, but a form of wealth comparable to that coming from high finance or real estate speculation.
In our country, on the grounds of civic use, we can say that the first two forms of economic, subsistence and competition, where they are made before and where he is completely in the whole territory.
But the third did not have the same development in the south that has played in the north, and when we tried to practice it, the market economy and consistency, did not always sustainable development.
grandfather who still have some at home, will certainly be able to interview on the subject and see how your family has evolved economically through the use of civic participation.
Our ancestors can certainly testify to the beginning of the century the earth could hardly survive the proceeds of which, very often, you pay the taxes or the taxes, did not stay to eat and enough money to buy seeds for the harvest of 'next year, so they frequently had to choose whether to eat today, tomorrow or eat.
Then as he went forward in time and new forms of agriculture have developed, thanks to scientific and technological progress, we drew from the earth to live and enough to put something aside.
's so that our grandparents have been able to study our parents, them to improve the social ladder.
The second form of economics is that more developed on the grounds of civic use of the South. The small piece of land given in concession, or the opportunity to graze on large tracts of land, meet the primary needs, has allowed the production of income that will produce wealth. Certainly not limitless wealth, but to guarantee a certain economic independence.
Otherwise, the third form of economy, the high production and profitability is non-existent and where there is to the detriment of society as it is not environmentally sustainable.
The comparison can be made with our brothers in the North-Italy, in particular if you look at the rules Ampezzo, where eco-sustainable exploitation of the assets of civic use, has created an economy of high profitability and ensure that jobs and prosperity to the community, without losing sight of the protection of the same goods civic use.
heavily exploited but not excessive, such as to permit high-income, but low environmental impact. In contrast to our
noon we are still stuck in the second stage of the economy, to competition, and I can assure you that in some remote corners of the Deep South, still holding pockets of "subsistence".
Rather than talk about the past, we should talk about the future, the emerging opportunities may lead to an eco-sustainable exploitation of land use in our civic regions.
The evolution of technology and the body of law, have produced instruments that the transition from competition to the economy of consistency, it is necessary to know how to take advantage.
I refer to the possibility of producing energy so-called "renewable" on the grounds of his house, wind turbines, photovoltaic, biomass, can even help you solve the waste problem. According
a logical evolution of thought, and without too many philosophies, I believe even a composting plant is compatible with the intended use di un terreno di uso civico, senza necessità di un mutamento di destinazione, se realizzati sui terreni di categoria "B", ovvero quelli “convenientemente utilizzati a coltura agraria”.
Tale considerazione giuridica mi sovviene riferendomi alla L.R. Campania 11 del 1981, che all'art. 6, ne contempla la concessione ad imprese cooperative locali.
Per cui tramite l'affidamento a cooperative di cui i comuni o le associazioni agrarie o di frazionisti sono soci, è a mio avviso possibile realizzare detto sito di compostaggio,per la produzione di concime da utilizzare sugli stessi terreni di uso civico, o in caso di eccedenza, da vendere e reinvestirne i proventi sempre sui terreni di uso civico.
Tale forma di utilizzo is, again, consistent with the target-crop agricultural land, without prejudice to other relevant regulations of carrying out the composting site, which makes it today without having to change the intended use with regional long-winded process. This is not just going to upset the ground with fantastic designs of squares, fountains or other, but to create a place to create a natural fertilizer.
Which house on land use, already our ancestors did, when to remove the waste at that time few were produced, they buried them in a pit dug in the ground, turning them into humus rich in nitrogen obtaining fertilizer, merchandise valuable for its time, and not always available. Calabria
Law No. 18/07, art speaks to this possibility. 23.
Otherwise, unless required by federal, you may refer to art. 23 of L. 1766, 1927, which reads: <
For areas where this is not practical "legal loophole" will be used to process change of use on land that provide, as a category "A". But the law
Calabria Region 18/07, we'll talk more in a subsequent occasion, dissecting the issues and innovations that simultaneously contains within itself.
Returning to the possible forms of viable economic use of land on the street, we the last-minute news.
Another new form of development for such land is the possibility offered by the Kyoto Protocol on the so-called "carbon credits".
In practice to limit or counteract the excessive production of CO2, you used the procedure that we simplify this: those who produce CO2 (carbon dioxide - the greenhouse gas considered), must compensate with a power consumption thereof.
Now the streets are two, or reduce their emissions through costly procedures to re-industrial restructuring, or recovering sources of O2 (oxygen) elsewhere.
And here you are opening the new frontier of the Gold Rush.
This time is no longer represented by the yellow area, but the century-old woods, mostly of civic use, of our lands.
Woods made an algebraic sum of the absorbed and the CO2 produced, giving a factor of credit in terms of CO2, can be used to offset that produced industrially.
Example: a forest of one hectare produces CO2 by breathing a volume of 1 ton per year. In contrast, is able to absorb, again because of photosynthesis, CO2 with a value of 11 tons per year. So by 1.11 we have a positive balance of 10 tons of CO2 that are "disposed of" by our beautiful forest.
This makes it possible to have, in complex control mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol, a value measured in "carbon credits", competitors to comply with the emission thresholds. That we respect the threshold issue, while producing the same amount of CO2 gas, but is absorbed by the forests that you own or users. It 's a complex mechanism that may be addressed in a subsequent discussion on the topic.
