Stubbies Shorts In The 80s

Elinor Ostrom STUDIOS AND PROPERTIES OF CIVIC USES 'COLLECTIVE



".... for demonstrating how the public property will be managed by associations of people ....."

observation Cesducim:
(maybe then I would re-emphasize civic uses-old debate on the collective properties that the so-called collective ownership is a public property)

by corriere.it

awards for their research on the organization of cooperation in the governance
Assigned to Elinor Ostrom, and Oliver Williamson il Nobel per l'Economia
La Ostrom, 76 anni, statunitense, è la prima donna ad aver vinto il riconoscimento nella categoria Elinor Ostrom (a destra) e Oliver Williamson STOCCOLMA (SVEZIA) - Elinor Ostrom e Oliver Williamson , entrambi statunitensi, hanno vinto il premio Nobel per l'economia 2009. Sono stati premiati per le loro ricerche sull'organizzazione della cooperazione nella governance economica.
OSTROM - La Ostrom, 76 anni, è la prima donna ad essersi aggiudicata il prestigioso riconoscimento per quanto riguarda l'econonomia. La Olstrom, che insegna alla Indiana University di Bloomington, negli Usa, è una delle massime studiosi delle conseguenze del rapporto tra gli uomini e l'ambiente in particolare delle resources management and how they were created in the centuries of special institutions to manage them.
WILLIAMSON - Oliver Williamson, 77, who teaches at Berkeley, the University of California, but is the creator of the so-called New Institutional Economics. Williamson argues that every economic organization stems from an attempt to minimize transaction costs in situations of incomplete contracts, specific investments, opportunism and bounded rationality. This fact implies that any economic organization suffers from a problem of incomplete contracting.
RECOGNITION - The Ostrom says the committee, "has shown how ownership can be managed efficace delle associazioni di utenti». Oliver E. Williamson, ha vinto invece «per la sua analisi della governance economica, in particolare i confini di un'impresa». Con i suoi studi, spiega la motivazione, Williamson «ha mostrato che i mercati e le organizzazioni gerarchiche, a riflesso di quanto avviene nelle aziende, hanno delle strutture di governance alternative che si differenziano per il modo diverso di risolvere i conflitti di interesse». Insieme al premio ai due vincitori vanno 10 milioni di corone svedesi, che equivalgono a poco meno di 1 milione di euro.
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dal sole 24 ore

Per sbloccare il potenziale umano serve un'apertura del settore pubblico and private sector that encourages problem solving by individuals in all aspects of life. In terms of supply and production of private goods - goods relatively easy to package and without significant externalities - we know that creating an open and competitive market leads to increased investment and innovation and lower prices for consumers. Entrepreneurship plays a key role in the private sector, because it finds ways to bring together disparate inputs in new ways and complementary, given the availability of resources and technology. In the private sector, the pursuit of profit is the urge that drives entrepreneurs privati.La provision of public goods requires institutions other than an open and competitive market. Institutions are needed that encourage collective action and discourage free-riding. The market is not an institution if there are no reliable rules for ownership, courts and polizia.Il language used by many analysts divided the rich world of institutions in an unproductive dichotomy of "market" versus "state." While the markets are considered public and open areas, where individuals and companies compete with each other, the public sector is portrayed as a top-down hierarchy with little room for solving the problems, if not by the most senior civil servants. To unlock human potential, we must unlock our understanding of the structure non-market institutions. We need to open the public sector entrepreneurship and innovation. Considering that the benefits of public goods and common resources are scattered within a community, many scholars ignore the possibility that local public entrepreneurs invent effective methods for co-production of these essential goods and services. On the other hand, many scholars emphasize the need for leadership in the public sector. The detailed studies that we conducted on the provision of services in urban areas and shared resources have repeatedly found a community of individuals in urban and rural areas, which are self-organized to provide local service level and co-produce surprisingly good considering the limitations with which they deal. Many political analysts assume that, without significant external resources and planning of the high, it is impossible to provide public goods and common resources sustainable. Such an assumption is absolutely wrong. While it is always difficult to find effective methods to provide these services, public entrepreneurs who work closely with citizens often find new ways to combine the services, using a mix of talents and resources locali.L 'preconceived idea that the premises can not deal with the problems of the public sector has led the world in the adoption of laws that assign the responsibility of local public services to large departments state administration, are often not provided with resources to complete their task. That's not how it was developed in Europe. The contemporary legislation, which gives governments the responsibility of national or regional public goods and common resources at the local level, it deprives citizens the authority to resolve problems that are different from place to place. We need to unlock their skills and enable them to be recognized as citizens and local officials with the power and authority to take action to solve local problems. We must conceive of the public sector as a polycentric system, and not as a hierarchy monocentric.
Adapted from "Unlocking Public Entrepreneurship and Public Economies "(2005)
(Translated by Fabio Galimberti)
October 13, 2009
http://www.iu.edu/nobel/